Seminar focused on helping to doctoral students to do learn how to craft an argument, a fundamental building block of independent scholarship, including using theory to frame an argument; moving from data to an argument; and writing a literature review with a critical point of view. Builds on first year paper proposal developed in 11-233, as well as data gathered over the IAP period. Class emphasizes examination of exemplary papers in a wide range of fields, and intensive peer review and workshop discussion of each other’s papers.