Strictly speaking, you do not need your own computer for your time at MIT. The School provides computing facilities at all hours of all days. That said, most people bring a computer of their own so that they can work at home or while traveling.
The expected lifetime of a computer is four to five years. While a four-year-old computer may still work fine, technology will have advanced to the point of making a new computer attractive. If your computer does not meet the baseline specifications below, you may want to consider either upgrading (especially if you only need more RAM) or buying a new computer.
Baseline Windows PC
- Intel Core or Core 2 processor, or equivalent.
- 1 GB memory (RAM).
- 80 GB hard disk.
- Windows XP Professional (32-bit).
- Desktops: 19" or larger flat panel display, and video card supporting 1280x1024 resolution.
- Laptops: XGA (1024x768) resolution display for casual use. WXGA+ (1440x900) or higher is strongly recommended for drawing, design and CAD software. An external display can provide this on a small laptop.
Baseline Macintosh
- Intel Core or Core 2 processor
- 2 GB RAM (3 GB RAM to run Windows virtualized)
- 80 GB Hard Disk
- OS X 10.5 (Leopard)
Although laptops (other than netbooks) are powerful enough to run all course-related software, desktops are much less expensive. Students, however, are always on the go, hence laptops have great appeal. Indeed, most incoming students bring laptops. In their quest for ever-greater portability, laptop makers have to make various tradeoffs among power consumption, heat generation and dissipation, size, weight, and cost. The result is that laptops tend to fall into three broad categories:
- Ultralight, ultrathin, ultracompact. These are expensive because of the premium components used to make them so small and light. Frequently used components such as CD/DVD drives are typically outboard accessories (often at extra cost) that one tethers to the laptop.
- Desktop replacement. These machines feature big displays (17"), big hard drives, fast processors--and a lot of bulk and weight. These machines are expensive because just about everything you might need in a desktop machine is included. Battery life tends to be short.
- Netbooks. These small, inexpensive systems are fine for email, web surfing and editing Microsoft Office documents, but don't have the power required for image processing, CAD or document layout applications. We do not recommend netbooks as your only computer. Netbooks have the minimum size (<10") and processor to surf the web and run simple office apps.
- Something in the middle is where most students will be looking. In between the above extremes lies the greatest variety of units that vary in their size, weight and performance. Mid-size (13"-15") laptops generally offer the best value with a lot of functionality at a reasonable price.
At any point on the scale, however, you will get more computer for your dollar with a desktop. If you are shuttling your computer to school or work daily, then clearly lighter (5 pounds or less) and smaller is the way to go. However, if you only take the machine on the road for the occasional trip out of town, you may be more willing to tolerate the weight in exchange for having a more powerful computer the rest of the time. This choice is highly personal.
Both platforms are widely used in the School, with approximately 75% of faculty and staff using Macintosh. Those faculty engaged in GIS and Building Technology applications tend to favor Windows PCs as most such software is Windows only. This is also true for the most used 3D and rendering applications. Approximately 50% of the School's student body own Macs. CRON supports both platforms.
How might you decide which to use? All major productivity software (Microsoft, Adobe, etc) is available for both platforms. What's more, the files are 100% 'binary compatible' which is to say one can use the identical files across platforms. However there is one gotcha for those interested in running ESRI's ArcGIS, AutoCAD and most 3D products on their personal computer. These are Windows applications ONLY. They will NOT run on Macintosh unless your Macintosh uses an Intel processor and you have configured it to run Windows using Boot Camp or virtualization software, as described below.
The Mac enjoys favor among those editing digital video, preparing multimedia presentations and graphics work in general. For word processing, office automation, and web browsing, both do equally well.
In the case of security and maintenance the Macintosh has historically been less vulnerable to viruses and spyware, and requires less maintenance hassle.
We have much experience running Windows on Macintosh hardware, and can recommend it. (Indeed, all our public cluster computers are Macintoshes running both OS X and Windows XP). Given this, should you buy a Macintosh and enjoy the benefits of both worlds? If you plan on spending all your time running Windows on the Macintosh, then there is not much benefit--particularly as PCs are cheaper than Macs (less true of laptops). If you are a PC user but tempted by the Macintosh platform, this might be the time to test the waters.
There are two mechanisms for running Windows on Macintosh hardware. Both require a Macintosh with an Intel processor - they are not options on systems with PowerPC processors.
- You can run Apple's Boot Camp to 'Dual Boot' and switch between Macintosh and Windows OSs - but not run both at the same time
- You can install VMware Fusion, Parallels or similar virtualization software. MIT provides VMware Fusion free of charge.
Running Windows within VMware or Parallels on the Macintosh gives you both Windows and Mac OS at the same time, but remember that your computer will need enough RAM for both: at least 3GB (we recommend 4GB).
More information on running a Windows virtual machine on a Macintosh can be found here.
Answer: XP Professional. (That was simple.)
We have not had good luck with Windows Vista in terms of usability, performance or compatibility with the software we support. Some new computers require Vista because they contain components for which there are no XP drivers, but we encourage students to purchase new PCs with XP Professional, and to not upgrade existing PCs to Vista. MIT provides XP Pro to all students, so students who already have Vista may choose to reinstall using XP instead (if you are comfortable reinstalling an operating system, and XP drivers exist for your hardware). Since XP Pro is available from MIT, we strongly encourage people with non-XP computers to up/downgrade to XP if possible. (XP Media Center supports multimedia drivers and applications that are unavailable on XP Pro, so this will not always be an option.)
PCs that run Vista should have at least 2GB of RAM for normal use, and 4GB to accommodate serious CAD, drawing or GIS use. A faster CPU will also be helpful. At present, the windows software CRON and MIT make available is generally 32-bit, but can run (with no guarantees) under a 64-bit OS. So we recommend 32-bit Vista for the time being.
Our evaluations of Windows 7 have been positive and we expect to support it soon after it becomes available.
First, you can consult the MIT Information Systems (IS&T) official list of recommended computers. These models are meant to suit the full range of computer users at MIT, but since the needs of Architecture and Planning's community are particular, our recommendations may differ. Specifying computers is a moving target as improvements are announced monthly.
CRON Recommended Desktop Windows PC (as of April 8, 2009)
MIT IS&T recommends the Dell Optiplex 755 desktop. We also recommend an upgrade to a 22" or 24" display:
Dell Optiplex 755 Energy Smart Desktop
- Intel Core 2 Duo Processor (2.66GHz, 1333MHz FSB)
- Windows Vista Business Downgrade to XP Professional
- 2 GB RAM, 800MHz (2 DIMMs)
- ATI Radeon 2400 XT, Dual Monitor DVI/VGA with 256MB video RAM
- 22" Dell 2208FPW widescreen display (1680x1050 resolution)
- 250GB hard drive
- DVD+/-RW
- Internal speaker
- 3 Year Basic Limited Warranty
This system configuration cost $859.33 on April 13, 2009 (prices will vary with time). Any desktop PC configured to the same specifications will work just as well.
CRON Recommended laptop Windows PC (as of April 8, 2009)
The MIT recommended Dell and Lenovo laptops listed at
http://web.mit.edu/ist/topics/hardware/laptops.html
will all work in our environment.Any other model laptop will work equally well, given these specifications or better:
- Intel Core 2 Duo processor or equivalent.
- 2 GB memory (RAM), upgradeable to 4 GB.
- 160 GB hard disk.
- Windows XP Professional (32-bit).
- WXGA+ (1440x900) or larger display for graphics, design and CAD software; or, an XGA (1024x768) integrated display for casual use,
- 802.11n wireless network interface.
- DVD+/-RW drive (external if necessary).
For example, a very good value is the Dell E6400 offered at MIT's price of $1287.
Latitude E6400 :: $1287Processor Intel Core 2 Duo T9550 (2.66GHz, 6M L2 Cache, 1066MHz FSB) Memory 4.0GB, DDR2-800 SDRAM, 2 DIMMS Hard Drive 160GB Hard Drive, 7200RPM with Free Fall Sensor Optical drive 8X DVD+/-RW w/Roxio and Cyberlink PowerDVD Display 14.1" UltraSharp WXGA+ (1440x900) LED Display - Brush Metal Black Video Integrated Webcam with digital microphone Graphics NVIDIA Quadro NVS 160M With Express Card Ports EEE - 1394 (FireWire), docking connector, USB 2.0 (x4), VGA, Display Port, RJ-11 (optional), RJ-45, eSATA, USB PowerShare Audio Built-in stereo speakers with 24-watt digital amplifier, built-in microphone, optical digital audio output/headphone out, optical digital audio input/audio line in Networking Dell Wireless 1510 802.11a/g/n Draft Mini Card, Dell Wireless 370 Bluetooth Module Software Windows XP Price $1287 Notes 3 Year Basic Limited Warranty and 3 Year NBD Onsite Service
3 Year CompleteCare Accidental Damage Protection
CRON Recommended Macintosh Desktop (as of June 26, 2009)
Note: Apple is running a free iPod(Touch) 'Back-to-School' promotion
24-inch iMac (MB418LL/A) :: $1,399Processor Intel Core 2 Duo T9550 (2.66GHz, 6M L2 Cache, 1066MHz FSB) Memory 4GB (two 2GB SO-DIMMs) of 1066MHz DDR3 SDRAM; supports up to 8GB Hard Drive 640GB Serial ATA; 7200 rpm Optical drive Slot-loading 8x SuperDrive with 4x double-layer burning (DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW) Display 24-inch (viewable) glossy widescreen TFT active-matrix LCD, 1920 by 1200 pixels, millions of colors Video Built-in iSight camera; Mini DisplayPort output with support for DVI, dual-link DVI, and VGA video connections via adapter Graphics NVIDIA GeForce 9400M with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory Ports One FireWire 800 port, Four USB 2.0 ports on computer; two USB 2.0 ports on keyboard Audio Built-in stereo speakers with 24-watt digital amplifier, built-in microphone, optical digital audio output/headphone out, optical digital audio input/audio line in Networking Built-in 10/100/1000BASE-T (Gigabit), Built-in AirPort Extreme Wi-Fi (802.11n)2; built-in Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) Other Apple Keyboard and Apple Mighty Mouse, Built-in IR receiver, optional VESA mount adapter kit Software Macintosh OS X 10.5, iLife Price $1,399 Notes Apple often has a free iPod(Touch) 'Back-to-School' promotion in late summer ($230 value)
CRON Recommended Macintosh Laptop (as of June 26, 2009)
Note: Apple is running a free iPod(Touch) 'Back-to-School' promotion
2.53GHz MacBook Pro (MB467LL/A):: $1,399Processor Intel Core 2 Duo (2.53GHz, 3M L2 Cache, 1066MHz FSB) Memory 2GB (two 1GB SO-DIMMs) of 1066MHz DDR3 SDRAM (PC3-8500); supports up to 8GB Hard Drive 250GB Serial ATA; 5400 rpm Optical drive 8x SuperDrive (DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW) Display 13.3-inch (diagonal) LED-backlit glossy widescreen display, 1280-by-800 resolution Video Built-in iSight camera; Mini DisplayPort output port with support for DVI, VGA, and dual-link DVI (requires adapters, sold separately) Graphics NVIDIA GeForce 9400M graphics processor with 256MB of DDR3 SDRAM shared with main memory Ports Two USB 2.0 ports (up to 480 Mbps)
One FireWire 800 port (up to 800 Mbps)
One SD Card slotAudio Built-in stereo speakers, built-in omnidirectional microphone, combined optical digital input/analog line in, combined optical digital output/analog line out Networking Built-in 10/100/1000BASE-T (Gigabit) Ethernet, Built-in AirPort Extreme Wi-Fi (based on IEEE 802.11n draft specification)2; built-in Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) module Other 60W MagSafe Power Adapter, AC wall plug, power cord, lithium-polymer battery Software Macintosh OS X 10.5, iLife Price $1,399 Notes Strongly recommended one purchase AppleCare Protection Plan ("For up to three years from computer's purchase date, you get access to Apple's award-winning telephone technical support for questions about Apple hardware, Mac OS, iLife, and iWork. And you get global repair coverage for your Mac--both parts and labor--through convenient service options.")
Apple often has a free iPod(Touch) 'Back-to-School' promotion in late summer ($230 value)
Recommended Options for All Computers
- More System Memory. It's hard to have too much. Consider boosting your RAM to 4GB. Under no circumstances get less than 1GB. Most laptops only have two slots for memory, and if both are used you will have to remove one to increase your RAM. Windows XP will not see more than 3.5 GB and those who want 4 GB or more will have to use a 64-bit OS to make use of it. Apple's prices for 2GB->4GB upgrades are reasonable and recommended. Apple's prices for configurations greater than 2GB are not. Users planning to run Windows OS in a virtual environment on Macintosh hardware should install 3GB minimum of RAM.
- Faster Processor. While you can almost always add more RAM, you're generally stuck with the original processor that you buy with your machine. Hence, it is a good idea to buy the fastest processor you can reasonably afford. At any given time, however, there is usually a point where the next increment in speed is no longer worth the cost. Processor speed is only one factor in overall computer speed, and often not the most important. Investing in more RAM, faster system bus (the so-called "front-side bus" or FSB), or a faster disk, may make a bigger contribution to computer speed than a faster CPU.
- Better Video Card. Everything you see on the screen has to go through this component first, so improving it can noticeably enhance performance, especially for graphics and video applications, and video games. Look for cards with 256 MB (or even 512 MB) of onboard video RAM. Don't confuse this video RAM with the system memory, mentioned above. For good graphics performance the video card should have its own memory. Systems (especially laptops) which use system memory for video processing will perform more slowly.
- Larger, Faster Hard Disk. You will need room for all those movies and MP3 files. A 250 GB or larger disk is not out of line. Disk speed, measured in RPM, has an impact on the speed of booting, starting applications and opening large files. Disks that spin at 7200 RPM on a desktop are standard. 10000 RPM will be noticeably faster. On laptops, 5400 and 7200 RPM are common; 7200 RPM will be faster; 5400 RPM will be slightly quieter and extend battery life somewhat. Also on laptops, solid-state storage can take the place of a disk drive. It's extremely fast, light, silent, extends battery life substantially, provides limited storage capacity (generally 64-128 GB instead of 100-250 GB) and at present is very, very expensive.
- Removable Storage. We like the small, cheap USB memory sticks. For larger storage needs consider an external hard drive. For permanent storage, we recommend CD-R or DVD+/-R.
- DVD-RW/DVD+RW drive. If you want to create digital video this is a must, and even if you don't, it's valuable for backups and transferring data. Though there are two competing formats, DVD-RW and DVD+RW, all common drives handle both. Older equipment may be sensitive to the format. For info on +RW you can read more at www.dvdplusrw.org.
- 56 Kbps Analog (Phone) Modem, if you expect to use dial-up internet access.
- Better, Larger Display. You will spend a lot of time staring at your screen, so it pays not to skimp on this component. A quality display will outlive the rest of your computer. A good 24" display with 1920x1200 resolution is less than $350. The "OEM" monitors that ship bundled with computers (both desktop and laptop) can be quite good; Dell's offerings are among the best. If you're not happy with the bundled monitor, however, you can buy a computer without it and purchase one on your own. If you want to learn more about the issues involved in buying a monitor, the CNET Monitor Buying Guide is a decent place to start. For laptops, consider getting higher resolution (i.e.1440x900) integrated display if possible. A lower resolution screen is where most budget laptops will skimp.
- Better Speakers. Upgrading the speakers may produce audible benefits, especially if you listen to music on your computer but is not important for our work.
- Three-Year Warranty. Due to their itinerant ways, laptops are very vulnerable to hardware failures of various kinds. It's not uncommon to have some part fail after awhile. Hence, having warranty coverage for the full expected three-year use of the computer is a good idea. Often this is standard on new PCs. Apple's 3 year warranty goes by 'AppleCare' and runs about $180. It does not cover repairs owing to misuse (spilled martinis, drops etc).
- Generous Return Policy. Some vendors will give you 30 days to try the computer out; if you don't like it, return it, no questions asked. (You will have to pay for shipping, if necessary.) Others are less generous. On a big ticket purchase like a computer, the return option helps relieve a lot of the anxiety involved.
Laptop Options
- Wireless LAN (aka WiFi, 802.11a/b/g/n). If you have a laptop, this is a necessity but you have a choice of flavors. Wireless connectivity is available throughout MIT. You can also set it up at home very easily with a wireless gateway router for a $60 or less, with cable Internet or a DSL line. There are 4 wireless standards:
- "a" is typically 27 Mbit/second but short range, and is not very popular.
- "b", typically 5 Mbit/second, is the oldest and most common standard, found throughout campus.
- "g" offers the range of "b" and the speed of "a", and is available throughout campus.
- "n" is the latest standard, it theoretically offers three times the range and four times the speed of "g". Your mileage will vary and it is not yet available everywhere on campus, but coverage is spreading rapidly.
It's important to get a card that supports both "b" and "n". Support for either or both of "a" and "g" will improve your access in some locations. A wireless interface bought with a new computer will work better than one added later: a built-in wireless card will have its antenna in the laptop lid or case, which will be more effective than the smaller antenna attached to a PCMCIA card or USB interface. To read more about wireless and setting it up at home, check out http://www.smallnetbuilder.com. - Wireless Broadband. This is long-distance wireless networking, carried over cellular networks, and is distinct from wireless local area networking (LAN). It requires a service plan with a cellular provider. The hardware must be compatible with the carrier you use. This is unnecessary on campus where wireless LAN access is available, and is most valuable for people who are absolutely dependent on network access while traveling and can't count on wireless LAN access.
- External Display. You can connect a larger, brighter display at home or in studio, and position it more ergonomically. This can make CAD and drawing applications usable on a laptop with a small display. See the section on "Better, Larger Display" above.
- External Keyboard and Mouse. For when you get tired of tiny laptop keys, want a proper numeric keypad, or realize CAD applications are much harder to use with a touchpad or touchpoint.
- Port Replicator or Docking Station. Simplifies connections if you have a monitor, keyboard, and mouse at home or in studio that you would like to hook up to the laptop regularly.
- NO Fault Warranty coverage. This covers your laptop if you drop it or run over it (but not spills, theft or fire). Dell calls it "Complete Care"; Lenovo calls it "ThinkPlus Protection" and both charge extra for it. Apple provides no such warranty--you'll pay the full repair costs (unless your insurance or credit card covers it).
Non-Recommended Options for Any Computers
- Microsoft Office (when bought with a new computer). Office can be purchased from GovConnection for about $120, which is almost always less than what computer vendors charge. If nothing else, compare prices before buying. Also consider using OpenOffice, a free, open-source recreation of Microsoft Office. Feature wise, it is 90% or more of a replacement for Microsoft Word and Excel, though only a 70% or so replacement for PowerPoint.
- Security Software, or Subscription. Security software from computer vendors offers nothing beyond what MIT provides plus what's available for free. It also tends to cause conflicts with other useful software.
Fun Stuff
- FireWire/IEEE 1394 Card. If you own a digital video camera, a FireWire card offers the best way to start editing your movies on a computer. All Macs but the MacBook and most PCs include FireWire as standard equipment as they do video editing and DVD burning software. Another plus is that external FireWire hard disks can easily be attached and detached just like USB, allowing large amounts of data to be moved from one computer to another quickly. Note that "IEEE 1394" is a synonym for FireWire. Note, if really keen on working with digital media (audio and video) we recommend the Mac over PC.
The sky is the limit when it comes to buying a new computer. One can easily pay $10,000 or more if one really wants to. Few of us, however, are so extravagant. More realistically, a good desktop PC with a monitor and a basic printer will cost between $800 and $2500, depending on the options. You can spend less, but below $500 you will start having to make some difficult sacrifices. On the high end, beyond $3000 provides no benefits except for the most extreme numerical analysis, simulation or video applications. For a laptop, the budget will need to be higher. Plan on spending a minimum of $1300 on a laptop meeting the specs above (add about $100 to include a basic printer). More elaborate configurations can easily run to $3000 or more. Macintoshes tend to cost more than comparable PCs.
Disclaimer: You are not required to bring a computer. You are welcome to buy any brand of computer you wish. We do not require you to buy any particular brand or from any particular vendor. You have many options, many of which may be superior to those we describe here. We also cannot vouch that our experience with various vendors will be the same as yours and cannot accept responsibility for any unhappy experiences. These remarks represent our subjective opinions only.
First, you need to make a decision about whether you are going to buy a PC or a Mac. Please see 'Which Platform?' above.
For PCs, we have had good experiences with Dell and Lenovo over many years. (Lenovo builds and sells the computer models, particularly Thinkpads, that were made by IBM in the past.) We have generally been pleased with their products, prices, and support. We like being able to configure PCs to our own specifications, the prices are usually better than those at a retail store, and the machines are typically delivered to one's door within a week or so. When shopping for either of them, start at MIT's personal purchase web pages (MIT Web certificates required) to see the discounts those vendors provide to MIT students. It often pays to look at the regular home user listings too; these may be cheaper if a specific model is having a promotion, or have more up-to-date models and features. The cost of delivery through the education site is frequently less than at the consumer site. The sites change frequently as products and promotions come and go, so you will need to check this yourself when you are ready to buy.
For Dells, MIT tends to recommend the Dell Optiplex and Latitude lines, which are built for reliability, serviceability (on-campus) and long life. Dell's Dimension and Inspiron product lines are oriented towards consumers, with higher performance (especially for games) at a given price. Dell has a web page explaining the distinction between the desktop product lines. Dell's Precision models are high-end workstations, providing extreme performance and reliability at a high price.
Lenovo has an excellent reputation for its Thinkpad line of laptops. Lenovo consistently ranks at the top of PC laptop vendors for customer satisfaction and the ease of getting problems fixed when the do occur. Lenovo's T and X series laptops emphasize reliability and long life..
Only Apple manufactures Macintoshes. You can buy them via MIT's personal purchase web pages (MIT Web certificates required) or from retail stores (show proof of being an enrolled student). Apple often offers special 'Back-to-School' promotions wherein Apple throws in an iPod(Touch) for free upon purchase of a computer (a $230 value).
Unfortunately we've found both HP and Sony Vaio laptops, despite their shine and many lights, to need repairs and software fixes at an unsatisfactorily high rate.
Dell and Apple computers are bought directly from the corresponding vendors. MIT has a special arrangement with the online computer merchant GovConnection whereby you can buy Lenovo computers and other items at a discounted MIT price. This includes academically-priced software; the discount from the commercial version can be quite large. Although GovConnection often has good prices, you may do better by shopping around. The CNET Shopper web site makes it easy to compare prices on a product for many vendors at once.
Many of the MIT IS&T recommended computers are on view in the IS&T showroom in N42 (immediately inside the front door). They do not sell computers there, but they do offer pre-sales consulting and the opportunity to look at and use the equipment before buying it. For laptops this can be particularly valuable.
As a general rule, stay away from used computers. Buying a used computer from an individual is particularly risky, as you know little of the machine's history, and most private sellers have unrealistic expectations about what their old computer is worth.
Ah, the Internet. One of the great boons of the emergence of the Web is the wealth of product reviews available online at no cost! Whatever you are considering, you owe it to yourself to look for a review or two of the product. Here are some good sites for buying guides and computer reviews:
- Computer Shopper
- ZDNet Reviews
- PC Magazine
- PC World
- Macworld Reviews
- CNET Computers.com: Desktops , laptops
CRON staff can offer you personalized assistance in picking a computer that will work well in and around the School and Institute.You can reach us by email at cron@mit.edu. Additionally, the staff at IST can provide help with computer buying questions.
• 2009-08-20 23:07:02 •
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